World map in AD 1648 — territory by country

Frame AD 1648 — world borders from AD 1648 to AD 1652. 117 countries have territory in this frame, and the largest is Tsardom of Russia (≈ 10.08 million km²).

Countries with territory in this frame (117, largest first)

Rank	Country	Area
1	Tsardom of Russia	≈ 10.08 million km²
2	Spanish Empire	≈ 6.15 million km²
3	Qing dynasty	≈ 4.11 million km²
4	Ottoman Empire	≈ 3.52 million km²
5	Mughal Empire	≈ 2.81 million km²
6	Golden Horde	≈ 2.64 million km²
7	Safavid dynasty	≈ 2.62 million km²
8	Kazakh Khanate	≈ 2.21 million km²
9	Southern Ming	≈ 2.17 million km²
10	Tibet	≈ 1.55 million km²
11	Moghulistan	≈ 937 thousand km²
12	Portuguese Empire	≈ 898 thousand km²
13	Swedish Empire	≈ 895 thousand km²
14	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	≈ 894 thousand km²
15	Oirat Confederation	≈ 839 thousand km²
16	Spain	≈ 677 thousand km²
17	Funj Sultanate	≈ 626 thousand km²
18	Ethiopian Empire	≈ 587 thousand km²
19	Denmark–Norway	≈ 551 thousand km²
20	First Toungoo Empire	≈ 521 thousand km²
21	Kingdom of France	≈ 489 thousand km²
22	Khanate of Bukhara	≈ 428 thousand km²
23	Tumed	≈ 414 thousand km²
24	Saadi Sultanate	≈ 385 thousand km²
25	Ayutthaya Kingdom	≈ 382 thousand km²
26	Lan Xang	≈ 375 thousand km²
27	Kanem–Bornu Empire	≈ 339 thousand km²
28	Habsburg monarchy	≈ 329 thousand km²
29	Tokugawa shogunate	≈ 329 thousand km²
30	Bijapur Sultanate	≈ 326 thousand km²
31	Sultanate of Darfur	≈ 294 thousand km²
32	Khoshut Khanate	≈ 291 thousand km²
33	Wadai Sultanate	≈ 280 thousand km²
34	Khmer Empire	≈ 274 thousand km²
35	Holy Roman Empire	≈ 253 thousand km²
36	Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	≈ 242 thousand km²
37	Joseon	≈ 232 thousand km²
38	Rassid dynasty	≈ 213 thousand km²
39	Johor Sultanate	≈ 207 thousand km²
40	Golconda Sultanate	≈ 204 thousand km²
41	Commonwealth of England	≈ 167 thousand km²
42	Kalmyk Khanate	≈ 163 thousand km²
43	Gorkha kingdom	≈ 148 thousand km²
44	Kingdom of Kongo	≈ 132 thousand km²
45	Dutch Republic	≈ 131 thousand km²
46	Astrakhan Khanate	≈ 126 thousand km²
47	Khanate of Khiva	≈ 125 thousand km²
48	Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)	≈ 112 thousand km²
49	Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)	≈ 112 thousand km²
50	Brandenburg–Prussia	≈ 106 thousand km²
51	Trịnh lords	≈ 103 thousand km²
52	Kingdom of Portugal	≈ 101 thousand km²
53	Nguyễn lords	≈ 90 thousand km²
54	Ya'rubids	≈ 88 thousand km²
55	Nogai Horde	≈ 83 thousand km²
56	Banten Sultanate	≈ 83 thousand km²
57	Moldavia	≈ 82 thousand km²
58	Haudenosaunee	≈ 78 thousand km²
59	Kingdom of Mrauk U	≈ 77 thousand km²
60	Palembang Sultanate	≈ 75 thousand km²
61	Wallachia	≈ 74 thousand km²
62	Portuguese Empire	≈ 72 thousand km²
63	Mataram Sultanate	≈ 66 thousand km²
64	Crimean Khanate	≈ 59 thousand km²
65	Ahmadnagar Sultanate	≈ 57 thousand km²
66	Confederate Ireland	≈ 57 thousand km²
67	English overseas possessions	≈ 53 thousand km²
68	New Netherland	≈ 49 thousand km²
69	Madurai Nayak dynasty	≈ 48 thousand km²
70	Duchy of Bavaria	≈ 46 thousand km²
71	Republic of Venice	≈ 45 thousand km²
72	Switzerland	≈ 44 thousand km²
73	Aceh Sultanate	≈ 42 thousand km²
74	Papal States	≈ 42 thousand km²
75	Bhutan	≈ 42 thousand km²
76	House of Savoy	≈ 41 thousand km²
77	Sultanate of Banjar	≈ 39 thousand km²
78	Malacca Sultanate	≈ 37 thousand km²
79	Electorate of Saxony	≈ 35 thousand km²
80	Portuguese Ceylon	≈ 33 thousand km²
81	Itza people	≈ 33 thousand km²
82	New France	≈ 32 thousand km²
83	Sultanate of Cirebon	≈ 30 thousand km²
84	Sultan of Perak	≈ 24 thousand km²
85	Bali Kingdom	≈ 22 thousand km²
86	Kingdom of England	≈ 20 thousand km²
87	Patani Kingdom	≈ 20 thousand km²
88	Republic of Florence	≈ 20 thousand km²
89	Kingdom of Mysore	≈ 18 thousand km²
90	Duchy of Lorraine	≈ 17 thousand km²
91	Blambangan Kingdom	≈ 16 thousand km²
92	Kingdom of Kartli	≈ 15 thousand km²
93	Thanjavur Nayak kingdom	≈ 15 thousand km²
94	Republic of Genoa	≈ 14 thousand km²
95	Principality of Mingrelia	≈ 13 thousand km²
96	Kedah Sultanate	≈ 13 thousand km²
97	Kingdom of Imereti	≈ 11 thousand km²
98	Tanjungpura Kingdom	≈ 11 thousand km²
99	Bima Sultanate	≈ 10 thousand km²
100	Mạc dynasty	≈ 10 thousand km²
101	Champa	≈ 7,917 km²
102	Kutai	≈ 6,766 km²
103	Oyo Empire	≈ 6,032 km²
104	Sultanate of Sambas	≈ 5,844 km²
105	Principality of Abkhazia	≈ 5,829 km²
106	Principality of Guria	≈ 4,659 km²
107	Sultanate of Sulu	≈ 3,844 km²
108	Mempawah Kingdom	≈ 2,937 km²
109	New Sweden	≈ 2,841 km²
110	Sultanate of Gowa	≈ 2,613 km²
111	Comtat Venaissin	≈ 2,319 km²
112	Sultan	≈ 2,155 km²
113	Republic of Ragusa	≈ 1,540 km²
114	Kathmandu	≈ 661 km²
115	Sultanate of Maguindanao	≈ 373 km²
116	County of Urgell	≈ 309 km²
117	Monaco	≈ 164 km²

Map of this frame (only countries over 400,000 km², simplified)

New countries in this frame (2)

Duchy of Lorraine · Kutai

Directions of expansion (1)

These are cases where one country’s land grew into another country’s former land (not actual routes of advance).

Tsardom of Russia → former land of Golden Horde, ≈ 102 thousand km²

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