World map in AD 1645 — territory by country

Frame AD 1645 — world borders from AD 1645 to AD 1647. 115 countries have territory in this frame, and the largest is Tsardom of Russia (≈ 9.80 million km²).

Countries with territory in this frame (115, largest first)

Rank	Country	Area
1	Tsardom of Russia	≈ 9.80 million km²
2	Spanish Empire	≈ 6.15 million km²
3	Qing dynasty	≈ 3.63 million km²
4	Ottoman Empire	≈ 3.52 million km²
5	Mughal Empire	≈ 2.87 million km²
6	Golden Horde	≈ 2.74 million km²
7	Safavid dynasty	≈ 2.59 million km²
8	Kazakh Khanate	≈ 2.21 million km²
9	Southern Ming	≈ 2.18 million km²
10	Tibet	≈ 1.55 million km²
11	Swedish Empire	≈ 955 thousand km²
12	Moghulistan	≈ 937 thousand km²
13	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	≈ 894 thousand km²
14	Portuguese Empire	≈ 856 thousand km²
15	Oirat Confederation	≈ 839 thousand km²
16	Spain	≈ 683 thousand km²
17	Funj Sultanate	≈ 626 thousand km²
18	Ethiopian Empire	≈ 587 thousand km²
19	Denmark–Norway	≈ 551 thousand km²
20	First Toungoo Empire	≈ 521 thousand km²
21	Kingdom of France	≈ 517 thousand km²
22	Khanate of Bukhara	≈ 428 thousand km²
23	Tumed	≈ 414 thousand km²
24	Saadi Sultanate	≈ 385 thousand km²
25	Ayutthaya Kingdom	≈ 382 thousand km²
26	Lan Xang	≈ 375 thousand km²
27	Kanem–Bornu Empire	≈ 339 thousand km²
28	Tokugawa shogunate	≈ 329 thousand km²
29	Habsburg monarchy	≈ 329 thousand km²
30	Bijapur Sultanate	≈ 326 thousand km²
31	Sultanate of Darfur	≈ 294 thousand km²
32	Khoshut Khanate	≈ 291 thousand km²
33	Wadai Sultanate	≈ 280 thousand km²
34	Khmer Empire	≈ 274 thousand km²
35	Holy Roman Empire	≈ 242 thousand km²
36	Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	≈ 242 thousand km²
37	Joseon	≈ 232 thousand km²
38	Rassid dynasty	≈ 213 thousand km²
39	Johor Sultanate	≈ 207 thousand km²
40	Golconda Sultanate	≈ 204 thousand km²
41	Kalmyk Khanate	≈ 163 thousand km²
42	Gorkha kingdom	≈ 148 thousand km²
43	Commonwealth of England	≈ 139 thousand km²
44	Kingdom of Kongo	≈ 132 thousand km²
45	Astrakhan Khanate	≈ 126 thousand km²
46	Khanate of Khiva	≈ 125 thousand km²
47	Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)	≈ 112 thousand km²
48	Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)	≈ 112 thousand km²
49	Dutch Republic	≈ 109 thousand km²
50	Trịnh lords	≈ 103 thousand km²
51	Portuguese Empire	≈ 102 thousand km²
52	Kingdom of Portugal	≈ 101 thousand km²
53	New Netherland	≈ 90 thousand km²
54	Nguyễn lords	≈ 90 thousand km²
55	Ya'rubids	≈ 88 thousand km²
56	Nogai Horde	≈ 83 thousand km²
57	Banten Sultanate	≈ 83 thousand km²
58	Moldavia	≈ 82 thousand km²
59	Haudenosaunee	≈ 78 thousand km²
60	Kingdom of Mrauk U	≈ 77 thousand km²
61	Palembang Sultanate	≈ 75 thousand km²
62	Wallachia	≈ 74 thousand km²
63	Kingdom of England	≈ 71 thousand km²
64	Mataram Sultanate	≈ 66 thousand km²
65	Crimean Khanate	≈ 59 thousand km²
66	Brandenburg–Prussia	≈ 59 thousand km²
67	Ahmadnagar Sultanate	≈ 57 thousand km²
68	Republic of Venice	≈ 50 thousand km²
69	Madurai Nayak dynasty	≈ 48 thousand km²
70	Duchy of Bavaria	≈ 46 thousand km²
71	Confederate Ireland	≈ 44 thousand km²
72	Switzerland	≈ 44 thousand km²
73	English overseas possessions	≈ 44 thousand km²
74	Aceh Sultanate	≈ 42 thousand km²
75	Papal States	≈ 42 thousand km²
76	Bhutan	≈ 42 thousand km²
77	House of Savoy	≈ 41 thousand km²
78	Sultanate of Banjar	≈ 39 thousand km²
79	Malacca Sultanate	≈ 37 thousand km²
80	Portuguese Ceylon	≈ 33 thousand km²
81	Itza people	≈ 33 thousand km²
82	New France	≈ 32 thousand km²
83	Sultanate of Cirebon	≈ 30 thousand km²
84	Sultan of Perak	≈ 24 thousand km²
85	Bali Kingdom	≈ 22 thousand km²
86	Patani Kingdom	≈ 20 thousand km²
87	Republic of Florence	≈ 20 thousand km²
88	Kingdom of Mysore	≈ 18 thousand km²
89	Electorate of Saxony	≈ 18 thousand km²
90	Blambangan Kingdom	≈ 16 thousand km²
91	Kingdom of Kartli	≈ 15 thousand km²
92	Thanjavur Nayak kingdom	≈ 15 thousand km²
93	Republic of Genoa	≈ 14 thousand km²
94	Principality of Mingrelia	≈ 13 thousand km²
95	Kedah Sultanate	≈ 13 thousand km²
96	Kingdom of Imereti	≈ 11 thousand km²
97	Tanjungpura Kingdom	≈ 11 thousand km²
98	Bima Sultanate	≈ 10 thousand km²
99	Mạc dynasty	≈ 10 thousand km²
100	Champa	≈ 7,917 km²
101	Oyo Empire	≈ 6,032 km²
102	Sultanate of Sambas	≈ 5,844 km²
103	Principality of Abkhazia	≈ 5,829 km²
104	Principality of Guria	≈ 4,659 km²
105	Sultanate of Sulu	≈ 3,844 km²
106	Mempawah Kingdom	≈ 2,937 km²
107	New Sweden	≈ 2,841 km²
108	Sultanate of Gowa	≈ 2,613 km²
109	Comtat Venaissin	≈ 2,319 km²
110	Sultan	≈ 2,155 km²
111	Republic of Ragusa	≈ 1,540 km²
112	Kathmandu	≈ 661 km²
113	Sultanate of Maguindanao	≈ 373 km²
114	County of Urgell	≈ 309 km²
115	Monaco	≈ 164 km²

Map of this frame (only countries over 400,000 km², simplified)

New countries in this frame (3)

Qing dynasty · Southern Ming · Commonwealth of England

Countries that disappeared in this frame (3)

Ming dynasty · Later Jin (1616–1636) · Li Zicheng

Directions of expansion (1)

These are cases where one country’s land grew into another country’s former land (not actual routes of advance).

Portuguese Empire → former land of New Netherland, ≈ 254 thousand km²

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