World map in AD 1521 — territory by country

Frame AD 1521 — world borders from AD 1521 to AD 1525. 119 countries have territory in this frame, and the largest is Mongol khanate (≈ 5.08 million km²).

Countries with territory in this frame (119, largest first)

RankCountryArea
1Mongol khanate≈ 5.08 million km²
2Ming dynasty≈ 3.74 million km²
3Khanate of Sibir≈ 2.82 million km²
4Ottoman Empire≈ 2.78 million km²
5Safavid dynasty≈ 2.77 million km²
6Grand Principality of Moscow≈ 2.43 million km²
7Kazakh Khanate≈ 2.40 million km²
8Inca Empire≈ 2.10 million km²
9Tibet≈ 1.55 million km²
10Kalmar Union≈ 1.29 million km²
11Moghulistan≈ 939 thousand km²
12Jagiellonian dynasty≈ 751 thousand km²
13Spain≈ 665 thousand km²
14Funj Sultanate≈ 630 thousand km²
15Songhai Empire≈ 629 thousand km²
16Spanish Empire≈ 486 thousand km²
17Nogai Horde≈ 439 thousand km²
18Kingdom of France≈ 415 thousand km²
19Vijayanagara Empire≈ 406 thousand km²
20Ayutthaya Kingdom≈ 404 thousand km²
21Ethiopian Empire≈ 392 thousand km²
22Khanate of Bukhara≈ 384 thousand km²
23Wattasid dynasty≈ 380 thousand km²
24Lan Xang≈ 375 thousand km²
25Bengal Sultanate≈ 346 thousand km²
26Mali Empire≈ 346 thousand km²
27Kingdom of Hungary≈ 334 thousand km²
28Holy Roman Empire≈ 334 thousand km²
29Sengoku period≈ 321 thousand km²
30Khmer Empire≈ 287 thousand km²
31Shan States≈ 274 thousand km²
32Lodi dynasty≈ 247 thousand km²
33Joseon≈ 235 thousand km²
34Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)≈ 231 thousand km²
35Malacca Sultanate≈ 230 thousand km²
36Hafsid dynasty≈ 222 thousand km²
37Kanem–Bornu Empire≈ 201 thousand km²
38Lê dynasty≈ 190 thousand km²
39Maya civilization≈ 188 thousand km²
40Timurid Empire≈ 181 thousand km²
41Kingdom of Portugal≈ 173 thousand km²
42Khanate of Kazan≈ 173 thousand km²
43Kingdom of England≈ 166 thousand km²
44Astrakhan Khanate≈ 163 thousand km²
45Kashmir Sultanate≈ 152 thousand km²
46Bijapur Sultanate≈ 151 thousand km²
47Adal Sultanate≈ 149 thousand km²
48Portuguese Empire≈ 142 thousand km²
49Moghulistan≈ 140 thousand km²
50Crimean Khanate≈ 137 thousand km²
51Kingdom of Kongo≈ 132 thousand km²
52Kingdom of Bohemia≈ 129 thousand km²
53Khanate of Khiva≈ 125 thousand km²
54Zayyanid dynasty≈ 125 thousand km²
55Samma dynasty≈ 123 thousand km²
56Habsburg monarchy≈ 120 thousand km²
57Livonian language≈ 116 thousand km²
58Kingdom of Ava≈ 114 thousand km²
59Sultanate of Maguindanao≈ 106 thousand km²
60Golconda Sultanate≈ 104 thousand km²
61Kingdom of Scotland≈ 89 thousand km²
62Kingdom of Mrauk U≈ 84 thousand km²
63Moldavia≈ 82 thousand km²
64Berar Sultanate≈ 79 thousand km²
65Hanthawaddy kingdom≈ 78 thousand km²
66Palembang Sultanate≈ 76 thousand km²
67Wallachia≈ 74 thousand km²
68Michoacán≈ 74 thousand km²
69Ahmadnagar Sultanate≈ 74 thousand km²
70Haudenosaunee≈ 72 thousand km²
71Republic of Venice≈ 64 thousand km²
72First Toungoo Empire≈ 59 thousand km²
73Sunda Kingdom≈ 54 thousand km²
74Lanna Kingdom≈ 53 thousand km²
75Portuguese Ceylon≈ 50 thousand km²
76Shirvan≈ 48 thousand km²
77Demak Sultanate≈ 46 thousand km²
78House of Bourbon≈ 44 thousand km²
79Margraviate of Brandenburg≈ 42 thousand km²
80Papal States≈ 41 thousand km²
81Teutonic Order≈ 39 thousand km²
82Switzerland≈ 38 thousand km²
83County of Savoy≈ 36 thousand km²
84Portuguese Africa≈ 35 thousand km²
85Duchy of Bavaria≈ 35 thousand km²
86Electorate of Saxony≈ 34 thousand km²
87Bidar Sultanate≈ 32 thousand km²
88County of Foix≈ 30 thousand km²
89Blambangan Kingdom≈ 28 thousand km²
90Kingdom of Kartli≈ 28 thousand km²
91Republic of Genoa≈ 26 thousand km²
92Qasim Khanate≈ 25 thousand km²
93Kingdom of Kakheti≈ 23 thousand km²
94Prome kingdom≈ 19 thousand km²
95Duchy of Lorraine≈ 17 thousand km²
96Electorate of Trier≈ 17 thousand km²
97Principality of Mingrelia≈ 13 thousand km²
98Kedah Sultanate≈ 13 thousand km²
99Republic of Florence≈ 12 thousand km²
100Jaffna kingdom≈ 12 thousand km²
101Kingdom of Imereti≈ 11 thousand km²
102Aceh Sultanate≈ 8,991 km²
103Champa≈ 8,027 km²
104Sultanate of Cirebon≈ 7,967 km²
105Bali Kingdom≈ 7,719 km²
106Cebu (historical polity)≈ 6,669 km²
107Principality of Abkhazia≈ 6,066 km²
108Tondo (historical polity)≈ 4,840 km²
109Principality of Guria≈ 4,659 km²
110Maynila (historical polity)≈ 2,954 km²
111Sultanate of Gowa≈ 2,613 km²
112Comtat Venaissin≈ 2,319 km²
113Sultan≈ 2,155 km²
114Republic of Ragusa≈ 1,540 km²
115Namayan≈ 1,043 km²
116Ashikaga shogunate≈ 979 km²
117Kathmandu≈ 661 km²
118County of Urgell≈ 404 km²
119Principality of Orange≈ 141 km²

Map of this frame (only countries over 400,000 km², simplified)

Mongol khanateMing dynastyKhanate of SibirOttoman EmpireSafavid dynastyGrand Principality of MoscowKazakh KhanateInca EmpireTibetKalmar UnionMoghulistanJagiellonian dynastySpainFunj SultanateSonghai EmpireSpanish EmpireNogai HordeKingdom of FranceVijayanagara EmpireAyutthaya Kingdom

New countries in this frame (3)

Spanish Empire · Sultanate of Maguindanao · Maynila (historical polity)

Countries that disappeared in this frame (7)

Sweden · Aztec Empire · Al-Ahsa Oasis · Ryazan · County of Nevers · Samudera Pasai Sultanate · Ryukyu Kingdom

Directions of expansion (4)

These are cases where one country’s land grew into another country’s former land (not actual routes of advance).

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