Territorial change of Roman Empire

“Roman Empire” — appears in this map’s data from 31 BC to AD 394. Its territory was largest in AD 117 – 126, at ≈ 5.26 million km².

Territory by period

PeriodArea
31 BC – 31 BC≈ 1.69 million km²
30 BC – 28 BC≈ 2.41 million km²
27 BC – 26 BC≈ 3.06 million km²
25 BC – 20 BC≈ 3.55 million km²
19 BC – 15 BC≈ 3.29 million km²
14 BC – 1 BC≈ 3.48 million km²
AD 1 – 5≈ 3.55 million km²
AD 6 – 8≈ 3.65 million km²
AD 9 – 13≈ 3.48 million km²
AD 14 – 22≈ 3.51 million km²
AD 23 – 42≈ 3.61 million km²
AD 43 – 50≈ 3.89 million km²
AD 51 – 59≈ 4.10 million km²
AD 60 – 67≈ 4.30 million km²
AD 68 – 77≈ 4.21 million km²
AD 78 – 83≈ 4.22 million km²
AD 84 – 90≈ 4.30 million km²
AD 91 – 105≈ 4.26 million km²
AD 106 – 113≈ 4.59 million km²
AD 114 – 116≈ 4.90 million km²
AD 117 – 126≈ 5.26 million km²
AD 127 – 153≈ 4.56 million km²
AD 154 – 160≈ 4.58 million km²
AD 161 – 164≈ 4.50 million km²
AD 165 – 183≈ 4.65 million km²
AD 184 – 196≈ 4.58 million km²
AD 197 – 206≈ 4.64 million km²
AD 207 – 214≈ 4.55 million km²
AD 215 – 237≈ 4.58 million km²
AD 238 – 246≈ 4.56 million km²
AD 247 – 259≈ 4.56 million km²
AD 260 – 260≈ 4.42 million km²
AD 261 – 269≈ 2.55 million km²
AD 270 – 282≈ 3.44 million km²
AD 283 – 286≈ 4.22 million km²
AD 287 – 298≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 299 – 305≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 306 – 307≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 308 – 310≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 311 – 312≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 313 – 323≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 324 – 336≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 337 – 337≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 338 – 346≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 347 – 352≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 353 – 357≈ 4.18 million km²
AD 358 – 366≈ 4.17 million km²
AD 367 – 370≈ 4.06 million km²
AD 371 – 377≈ 4.15 million km²
AD 378 – 382≈ 4.00 million km²
AD 383 – 386≈ 4.09 million km²
AD 387 – 389≈ 4.11 million km²
AD 390 – 391≈ 4.11 million km²
AD 392 – 393≈ 4.11 million km²
AD 394 – 394≈ 4.11 million km²
31 BCAD 394

Outline at its largest extent

Outline of the territory in AD 117 – 126 (map drawing). Neighbouring countries are not drawn.

Area and rank by frame

For each frame in which borders change: this country’s territory and its rank by area among the countries that have territory in that frame.

FrameAreaRank
31 BC≈ 1.69 million km²4 of 49
30 BC≈ 2.41 million km²3 of 49
27 BC≈ 3.06 million km²2 of 47
25 BC≈ 3.55 million km²2 of 44
19 BC≈ 3.29 million km²2 of 44
14 BC≈ 3.48 million km²2 of 44
AD 1≈ 3.55 million km²2 of 45
AD 6≈ 3.65 million km²2 of 45
AD 9≈ 3.48 million km²2 of 45
AD 14≈ 3.51 million km²2 of 43
AD 23≈ 3.61 million km²1 of 41
AD 30≈ 3.61 million km²2 of 42
AD 43≈ 3.89 million km²1 of 44
AD 51≈ 4.10 million km²1 of 43
AD 60≈ 4.30 million km²1 of 43
AD 68≈ 4.21 million km²1 of 42
AD 78≈ 4.22 million km²1 of 42
AD 84≈ 4.30 million km²1 of 42
AD 91≈ 4.26 million km²2 of 41
AD 106≈ 4.59 million km²1 of 40
AD 114≈ 4.90 million km²1 of 36
AD 117≈ 5.26 million km²1 of 36
AD 127≈ 4.56 million km²1 of 39
AD 154≈ 4.58 million km²1 of 41
AD 161≈ 4.50 million km²2 of 40
AD 165≈ 4.65 million km²2 of 42
AD 184≈ 4.58 million km²2 of 41
AD 197≈ 4.64 million km²2 of 42
AD 207≈ 4.55 million km²2 of 44
AD 215≈ 4.58 million km²2 of 44
AD 224≈ 4.58 million km²1 of 43
AD 238≈ 4.56 million km²1 of 42
AD 247≈ 4.56 million km²1 of 42
AD 260≈ 4.42 million km²1 of 38
AD 261≈ 2.55 million km²2 of 40
AD 263≈ 2.55 million km²3 of 40
AD 265≈ 2.55 million km²3 of 40
AD 270≈ 3.44 million km²1 of 40
AD 283≈ 4.22 million km²2 of 38
AD 287≈ 4.18 million km²2 of 43
AD 299≈ 4.18 million km²2 of 43
AD 306≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 43
AD 308≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 43
AD 311≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 43
AD 313≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 43
AD 324≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 45
AD 337≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 47
AD 338≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 47
AD 347≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 46
AD 353≈ 4.18 million km²1 of 49
AD 358≈ 4.17 million km²1 of 50
AD 367≈ 4.06 million km²1 of 51
AD 371≈ 4.15 million km²1 of 48
AD 373≈ 4.15 million km²1 of 47
AD 378≈ 4.00 million km²1 of 45
AD 383≈ 4.09 million km²1 of 44
AD 387≈ 4.11 million km²1 of 53
AD 390≈ 4.11 million km²1 of 53
AD 392≈ 4.11 million km²1 of 52
AD 394≈ 4.11 million km²1 of 50

Its highest rank was in AD 117: number 36 of 1.

Neighbouring countries

In order of the number of frames in which they share a border (a parent state, its colonies and other names of the same country are counted as one group).

Territory exchanged with

Computed from changes in territory between frames (only changes of about 20,000 km² or more are counted; these are not actual routes of advance). Top 30 by area (of 37 in total).

FrameOther countryArea
AD 270gainedPalmyrene Empire≈ 1.05 million km²
30 BCgainedPtolemaic Kingdom≈ 719 thousand km²
AD 283gainedGallic Empire≈ 712 thousand km²
AD 127lostParthian Empire≈ 569 thousand km²
27 BCgainedPtolemaic Kingdom≈ 556 thousand km²
AD 117gainedParthian Empire≈ 349 thousand km²
19 BClostHimyar≈ 222 thousand km²
AD 114gainedKingdom of Armenia (antiquity)≈ 218 thousand km²
AD 60gainedKingdom of Armenia (antiquity)≈ 218 thousand km²
AD 43gainedMauretania≈ 215 thousand km²
25 BCgainedHimyar≈ 196 thousand km²
AD 165gainedParthian Empire≈ 153 thousand km²
AD 378lostGothia≈ 148 thousand km²
AD 383gainedGothia≈ 148 thousand km²
AD 270lostGothia≈ 147 thousand km²
AD 260lostSasanian Empire≈ 104 thousand km²
AD 106gainedNabataeans≈ 90 thousand km²
AD 51gainedThracian kingdom≈ 90 thousand km²
25 BCgainedNabataeans≈ 90 thousand km²
AD 23gainedKingdom of Cappadocia≈ 86 thousand km²
25 BCgainedGalatia≈ 86 thousand km²
AD 161lostParthian Empire≈ 82 thousand km²
AD 68gainedKingdom of Pontus≈ 80 thousand km²
AD 287lostSasanian Empire≈ 57 thousand km²
AD 283gainedSasanian Empire≈ 57 thousand km²
AD 197gainedParthian Empire≈ 57 thousand km²
AD 207lostParthian Empire≈ 57 thousand km²
AD 184lostParthian Empire≈ 57 thousand km²
AD 215gainedOsroene≈ 50 thousand km²
AD 114gainedOsroene≈ 50 thousand km²

Preceded and succeeded by

Preceded by: Roman Republic

Succeeded by: Western Roman Empire · Byzantine Empire

Source: Wikidata (CC0)

Wikipedia summary

The Roman Empire was a state that dominated the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa during the classical period.

Wikipedia (English) “Roman Empire”, introduction (first sentences) · text under CC BY-SA 4.0 · read more on Wikipedia

Show on the map — open the AD 117 frame